Government of Nepal

Nepal is a federal democratic republic with three branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary. The current system was established by the Constitution of Nepal in 2015.

Branches of Government

Branch Head Composition Main Functions
Executive President (Ram Chandra Poudel) President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers Implement laws, administer government
Legislative Speaker (Dev Raj Ghimire) Federal Parliament (House of Representatives + National Assembly) Make laws, approve budgets
Judiciary Chief Justice (Bishowambhar Prasad Shrestha) Supreme Court, High Courts, District Courts Interpret laws, administer justice

Executive Branch

  • President: Ceremonial head of state (elected by electoral college)
  • Prime Minister: Head of government (currently Pushpa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda')
  • Council of Ministers: 25 ministries administering government functions
  • Administrative Divisions: 7 provinces, 77 districts, and local governments

Key Ministries

Ministry of Home Affairs

Responsible for: Internal security, police administration, immigration

Ministry of Finance

Responsible for: Budget, taxation, economic policy

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Responsible for: Diplomatic relations, foreign policy

Legislative Branch

House Members Election Method Term
House of Representatives 275 165 FPTP, 110 Proportional 5 years
National Assembly 59 Electoral College (56) + Presidential (3) 6 years (staggered)

Judicial Branch

Provincial Governments

Province Capital Chief Minister Districts
Province 1 Biratnagar Kedar Karki 14
Madhesh Janakpur Saroj Kumar Yadav 8
Bagmati Hetauda Shalikram Jamkattel 13
Gandaki Pokhara Surendra Raj Pandey 11
Lumbini Deukhuri Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary 12
Karnali Birendranagar Raj Kumar Sharma 10
Sudurpashchim Godawari Kamal Bahadur Shah 9

Government Services

  • Online Services Portal: services.gov.np
  • National ID Card: Mandatory for all citizens (issued by Home Ministry)
  • E-Governance: Increasing number of services available online

    • Political Parties in Government

    Party Leader Ideology Seats (HoR)
    Nepali Congress Sher Bahadur Deuba Centrism, Social democracy 89
    CPN (Maoist Centre) Pushpa Kamal Dahal Communism, Maoism 32
    CPN-UML K.P. Sharma Oli Communism, Marxism-Leninism 78
    Rastriya Swatantra Party Rabindra Mishra Anti-corruption, Reformism 20

    Government of Nepal - Key Contacts

    Office of the Prime Minister: +977-1-4211000

    Federal Parliament Secretariat: +977-1-4200500

    Supreme Court: +977-1-4220520

    Official Website: https://nepal.gov.np